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#histsci

4 posts3 participants0 posts today
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Fabienne Gallaire

"Sur le rôle de l’expérience, est-ce que vous connaissez un texte que j’adore, qui est la controverse entre le mathématicien René Thom (médaille Fields en 1958) et le physicien Anatole Abragam, à l’Académie ? Cette controverse a été extraordinaire.
(...) Thom avait publié [en 1984] un article d'une demi-page dans Le Monde, dans lequel il trouvait que l’on dépensait beaucoup trop d'argent dans la recherche expérimentale. Il avait pris deux exemples. Le premier était l'exemple de l'ADN. Il disait qu'il suffisait de réfléchir pour voir qu'il n'y avait besoin de faire des expériences pour comprendre sa structure. Le deuxième exemple était celui de la physique des particules. Il disait qu’il suffisait de regarder comment sont les équations et qu’il n’était pas utile de dépenser autant dans les accélérateurs. Cela avait fait scandale. Le Bureau de l’Académie avait organisé un débat public Abragam-Thom sur le rôle de l’expérience en sciences."
Roger Balian
#histsci #phisci #socsci
journals.openedition.org/hrc/1

journals.openedition.orgSur la voie du physicien Roger Balian : de l’atelier familial à la ...Marta Cecilia Bustamante et Emanuel Bertrand (MCB et EB). Commençons cet entretien en partant de votre parcours de vie. Est-ce que vous pourriez nous retracer votre formation scolaire et étudiante,...
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Ele Willoughby, PhD

Happy birthday Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827), French mathematical physicist (who incidentally, did invaluable work in geophysics). He was pretty hard-headed and probably didn’t really have any imaginary friends, but nonetheless Laplace’s Demon is my 3rd in the series of Imaginary Friends of Science. In 1814, when he envisioned an entity such
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#linocut #printmaking #histsci #MastoArt #Laplace #LaplacesDemon #physics #determinism #ImaginaryFriends #Science

My linocut print of Laplace’s Demon. The demon, who looks like Laplace with giant long-horn cattle horns seated in the lotus position with his palms together as in prayer, is printed in black. Between his horns is space in black with comets, galaxies, stars and planets carved away showing in white. Around him are deep yellow radiating triangles and the words “Laplace’s Demon” following the shape of the horns.
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Ele Willoughby, PhD

Happy birthday to one of greatest #mathematicians of all time Emmy Noether (1882-1935), here with her eponymous theorem, the backbone of modern physics. Noether’s theorem links any symmetry of a system with a conservation law. In my portrait, I chose to depict a young Emmy in front of a blackboard with a more simple formulation of her theorem and three specific applications of it, shown schematically, 🧵1/

My linocut portrait of Emmy Noether in front of a blackboard with diagrams and equations. Noether is printed in blue. She has her hair up and wears a pin-striped buttoned shirt with puffy sleeves, bow tie, tweed skirt with belt and is shown from waist up, turned slightly away from the viewer. The blackboard is green and shows a simple form of Noether’s equations at the top. On the left are three diagrams to represent translational symmetry (a frame of reference or 3 orthogonal axes and a straight diagonal arrow to a second frame of reference); rotational symmetry (a frame of reference and curved arrow to a second rotated frame of reference); and time symmetry (two simple clocks with an arrow between them and their hands at different places). On the right are the three associated conserved quantities: momentum (a p with arrow above it); angular momentum (an L with arrow above it); and energy (E).
#linocut#printmaking#sciart
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Ele Willoughby, PhD

Happy birthday to Canadian medical researcher & #biochemist Maud Menten (1879-1960). Not only was she an author of Michaelis-Menten equation for #enzyme kinetics, she invented the azo-dye coupling for alkaline phosphatase, 1st example of enzyme #histochemistry, still used in imaging of tissues today & she also performed the first #electrophoretic separation of blood haemoglobin in 1944!⁠ 🧵1/n
⁠#histsci #linocut #printmaking #womenInSTEM #MastoArt

Linocut portrait of biochemist and medical researcher Maud Menten (1879-1960) with the Michalis-Menten equation in blue and a histology image in pinks and purples in the background.
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Ele Willoughby, PhD

Happy birthday to botanist & photography trailblazer Anna Atkins (1799-1871), née Children!

Atkins’ mother died when she was still an infant, but she was close with her naturalist father & received a much more scientific education than was common for women in her time. Her 250 detailed engravings of shells were used to illustrate her father’s translation of Lamarck’s ‘Genera of Shells’; 🧵1/n

My portrait of Anna Atkins combines a linocut print illustrating her (a Victorian woman in a dress with lace collar in silver ink on white) with a background of a cyanotype with two white fern leaves silhouettes on a Prussian blue.
#sciart#printmaking#linocut
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Ele Willoughby, PhD

Happy birthday to Caroline Herschel (1750 – 1848) a trail blazing woman in #astronomy. Hers was a real life Cinderella story, where rather than marrying a prince, she made a life and career for herself. Marriage her expected role but she was deemed unmarriageable, since a childhood bout of typhus stunted her growth. Her mother thought she should train to be a servant, & purposely stood in the way of her learning French, or music,🧵

Linocut portrait of Caroline Herschel against a starry sky with comet and 5 inset diagrams of her observations
#printmaking#sciart#WomenInSTEM
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Ele Willoughby, PhD

Mercury, final prompt for #printerSolstice2425, made me think of #alchemy. It is an element the alchemists favoured & felt was fundamental in their efforts to transmute base into precious metals, both in western & Chinese alchemy (from whence western alchemy emerged).

This is my #linocut portrait of an #alchemist known as Master Geng (before ~975, 耿先生; Gěng Xiānshēng, sometimes Kêng Hsien-shêng). 🧵1/n

Inspired by Song Dynasty Chinese painting this is my linocut portrait of Geng Xiansheng outlined in black on ivory paper, seated at a table with alchemical furnace, vessels cups by a building and bamboo plants covered in snow. She has a flower in her hair and wears a green robe. The vessels are red, and blue. The bamboo is green with black. The roof of the building lintel has a red stripe below a pattern of blue and green.
#printmaking#sciart#histsci
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Ele Willoughby, PhD

Happy birthday to chemist William Henry Perkin (1838-1907)! This #lino block print ‘William Henry Perkin Discovers Mauve’ is about how the British chemist & entrepreneur made the serendipitous discovery of the 1st synthetic organic dye: mauveine. ⁠
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Perkins entered the Royal College of Chemistry in London in 1853 when he was only 15, studying with August Wilhelm von Hofmann. 🧵1/n
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#linocut #printmaking #sciart #chemistry #MastoArt #dye #histsci #chemist #FashionHistory #purple #mauve #colour

Linocut print of Perkins in grey, a suited, bearded Victorian, at a wooden lab bench covered in glassware and chemical apparatus. He holds a flask at eye level with bright mauve fluid. Wide bright mauve lines radiate outward from it in the background.
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Ele Willoughby, PhD

For the #printerSolstice2425 prompt silicon my #linocut of brilliant trailblazing US #geologist & prof Florence Bascom (1862-1945) who championed women’s education, & used polarizing microscopes for detailed petrographic analysis to show that rocks previously identified as sedimentary were in fact metamorphosed volcanic rocks she called aporhyolite (implying a change in rhyolite, a silica rich igneous rock, as in her 🧵1/n

My linocut portrait of geologist Florence Bascom as a young woman from neck up, in blue, looking at the viewer with her curly hair pulled back wearing a blouse with large lace collar on green vinyl. Behind her are two geological cross-sections with layers carved with different patterns to indicate different rock materials in black. Below on either side are two circular diagrams: these are thin sections of rhyolite printed in pale beige, brown, and black.
#printmaking#womenInSTEM#histsci
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Ele Willoughby, PhD

For the #printerSolstice2425 prompt sodium, my #linocut of Marie Meudrac (c. 1610-1680), a woman in science right at the transition between alchemy & chemistry. Born to a land-owning family, she moved to the Château de Grosbois after marrying, where she became good friends with Countess de Guiche. She wrote ‘La Chymie Charitable et Facile, en Faveur des Dames’ [Easy Charitable Chemistry for Ladies]. She had her own lab where she tested all 🧵

My linocut portrait of Marie Meurdrac in her laboratory is printed on 11” x 14” white Japanese paper in a gradient of dark blue at the bottom to gold at the top. A 17th century lady in a dress with hair piled on top of her head is leaning on a table with head resting on one hand as she reads a book. She is surrounded by tools of her trade like vessels of various shapes, scales and has shelves of jars with alchemical symbols on them. There is text, carved in reverse with elongated s’s with a quotation, ‘Les Esprits n’ont point de sexe’ (or minds have no sexe… that is, one’s sex is irrelevant to the ability to think and learn). There are medicinal plants (rosemary and tansy) hanging above her. In the furnace are flames, tongs and crucible.
#printmaking#sciart#womenInSTEM
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Ele Willoughby, PhD

For #BlackHistoryMonth pharmaceutical #chemist Alice Ball (1892-1916) who developed 1st effective treatment for #leprosy. Though her life was cut tragically short, her research saved 1000s from exile & painful, ineffective lifelong treatment for leprosy, & she was a trailblazer for women & Black scientists.⁠
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Ball studied #chemistry at UW earning a BSc & 2nd degree in pharmacy 2 years later. 🧵1/n

My linocut portrait of pharmaceutical chemist Alice Ball, a young Black woman in a lab coat, printed in indigo. Below her is the chemical reaction for Ball’s Process in violet. Above and around her is a branch of chalmoogra with green leaves and yellow fruit.
#printmaking#sciart#BlackInSTEM
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Ele Willoughby, PhD

Happy birthday to Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)! This is my linoleum block print showing Copernicus and his model of the celestial spheres, or as we would say, the solar system. Copernicus is shown in green with a lily of the valley, the standard Renaissance symbol to indicate a medical doctor, since like most proto-scientists, or ‘philosophers’ (doctors of philosophy) he learned his astronomy incidentally, 🧵

This is an original 2 colour linoleum block print showing Copernicus and his model of the celestial spheres, or as we would say, the solar system. Copernicus is shown in green with a lily of the valley, the standard Renaissance symbol to indicate a medical doctor. His planetary model is shown as he conceived it in gold. Using the ancient Greek and Roman symbols, the heliocentric solar system has the following planets: Mercury (the fleet-footed messenger with his serpents and staff, the caduceus), Venus (goddess of beauty - the mirror, like an ankh), Earth (4 cardinal directions), Mars (spear and shield), Jupiter (thunderbolt) and Saturn (the scythe of Time). The outer planets had yet to be discovered. Beyond Saturn, he envisioned the sphere of the "fixed stars".
#linocut#printmaking#Copernicus
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Ele Willoughby, PhD

Queen Seondeok of Silla (c. 595 ~ 610 - February 20, 647), 27th ruler of one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, from 632-647, who brought about a renaissance in culture and science and built the Cheomseongdae moon and star-gazing observatory.

Known for her intelligence, wisdom & benevolence, stories survive of her curiosity & cleverness even as a child. When her father the King was gifted peony seeds from China 🧵

Linocut portrait of Queen Seondeok of Silla with elaborate medieval Korean crown and heavy beaded necklace in gold, red and blue robes, at night with starry black sky with white and grey moon and the grey Tower of Cheomseogdae behind her.
#linocut#printmaking#sciart
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