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#terrestrial

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Stefan F. Wirth

The #terrestrial #pulmonate #gastropods (#Stylommatophora, Gastropoda) have two pairs of #retractile #tentacles, an #apomorphy (#evolutionary innovation of the stem species) of the higher taxon Euthyneura. The rear pair of tentacles is elongated and has #eyes at its tips.
My photos show them in a close #macro shot using the Mediterranean #snail #species #Cornu #aspersum (#Helicidae).
#biodiversity #evolution
© #StefanFWirth Berlin 2024

Photos
C. aspersum, 2020, New edit 2024 © S. F. Wirth

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💧🌏 Greg Cocks

NASA Satellites Reveal Abrupt Drop In Global Freshwater Levels | An Abrupt Decline in Global Terrestrial Water Storage and Its Relationship with Sea Level Change
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phys.org/news/2024-11-nasa-sat <-- shared technical article
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doi.org/10.1007/s10712-024-098 <-- shared paper
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unesco.org/reports/wwdr/en/202 <-- shared UN report on water stress
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #satellite #NASA #GRACE #ERA5 #water #waterresources #climatechange #sealevel #sealevelrise #SLR #waterresources #global #freshwater #watermanagement #arid #terrestrial #mascons #TWS #terrestialwaterstorage #surfacewater #groundwater #aquifers #spatialanalysis #model #modeling #spatiotemporal #drought #wateruse #watersecurity #agriculture #irrigation #hydrology #publichealth #risk #hazard #naturalresources #waterquality #gravity

a Time series of near-global (60° S–70° N) mean SST anomalies, Niño 3.4 (black), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index with 1-year smoothing (blue), and a North Atlantic tripole index (brown). Negative PDO corresponds to anomalous positive SSTs in the central N. Pacific. b Near-global ERA5 SST trend, 1980–2022, °C/yr. c Correlation between the Niño 3.4 index and GRACE/FO d(TWS)/dt, the latter lagged 2 months with 4-month smoothing applied. d Correlation between the PDO index and GRACE/FO TWS, 3-month smoothing applied
Map of mascons in which the GRACE/FO era minimum terrestrial water storage occurred after the start of 2015, color coded for the year of that minimum. The time series plotted in Fig. 2 is averaged over the South American region delineated in red
Comparison of ERA5-Land, GRACE/FO, and complementary observations: a deseasonalized time series of global land average (60S-70N) TWS anomalies (mm) from GRACE/FO, ERA5-Land, and ERA5 vertically integrated moisture flux convergence, b ERA5-Land precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), and runoff (RO), c same as b but for GPCP P, GLEAM ET and G-RUN RO. Units in b and c are mm d−1, d 2003–2022 trend in ERA5-Land P-ET, e Same as d but for GPCP v3.2 P—GLEAM 3.6a ET. Units in d and e are mm d−1/yr. All anomalies are relative to the 2003–2022 monthly resolved climatological mean
TWS trends (mm/yr) over the period 2003–2022 in a GRACE/FO and b ERA5-Land; and c correlations of monthly TWS anomalies between GRACE/FO and ERA5-Land. Ice sheets and areas of significant glacial extent have been masked
Public
O=C=O

2024 LIVING PLANET REPORT

Over the past 50 years (1970–2020), the average size of monitored #wildlife populations has shrunk by 73%.
Based on almost 35,000 population trends and 5,495 species of #amphibians, #birds, #fish, #mammals and #reptiles. Freshwater populations have suffered the heaviest declines, falling by 85%, followed by #terrestrial (69%) and #marine populations (56%).

Report (PDF):
wwf.at/wp-content/uploads/2024

#BiodiversityCrisis
#Biodiversity
#Anthropocene
#Extinction

Cover 2024 LIVING PLANET REPORT At a regional level, the fastest declines have been seen in Latin America and the Caribbean – a concerning 95% decline – followed by Africa (76%) and the Asia and the Pacific (60%). Declines have been less dramatic in Europe and Central Asia (35%) and North America (39%), but this reflects the fact that large-scale impacts on nature were already apparent before 1970 in these regions: some populations have stabilized or increased thanks to conservation efforts and species reintroductions. Habitat degradation and loss, driven primarily by our food system, is the most reported threat in each region, followed by overexploitation, invasive species and disease. Other threats include climate change (most cited in Latin America and the Caribbean) and pollution (particularly in North America and Asia and the Pacific).
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