"Storm clouds generate massive electrical potentials...but nowhere is the electric field strong enough to ionize the air and start a miles-long branching bolt. Something needs to create the initial spark...
Using precise radio-wave detection in three dimensions, scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory have determined that the sparks are provided by cosmic rays...atomic-scale particles traveling at incredible speeds..."
Link: https://dendroica.substack.com/p/interlude-galactic-lightning